📖 24. Transport Layer Protocols

📖 From Data Communication and Networks • 424 questions available

About 24. Transport Layer Protocols

TCP implements reliable delivery through sequence numbers, cumulative acknowledgments, retransmission timers, and adaptive congestion control algorithms like Reno, Cubic, and BBR that probe available bandwidth while responding to loss or ECN signals. Flow control via receiver-advertised windows prevents buffer overflow, while options enable window scaling, selective ACKs, and timestamp-based RTT estimation, collectively achieving high throughput over diverse paths despite TCP’s age and incremental evolution.

UDP sacrifices reliability for simplicity and speed, delegating error recovery to applications when needed, making it ideal for DNS queries, VoIP, gaming, and streaming where timely arrival matters more than completeness. SCTP offers multi-homing and message-oriented reliability for telecom signaling, while QUIC combines TLS 1.3 encryption, stream multiplexing, and pluggable congestion control in user space to bypass middlebox limitations, representing transport layer diversification beyond the TCP/UDP dichotomy to serve specialized application needs.

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🔄 Last updated: 2026-08-02